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C. Taipei.has served as a capital of the island since the 19th century as province under Chinese and Japanese emperors. After World War II, nationalist Chinese forces took control of the island from Japan. The nationalists lost the mainland to the communists in 1949 and retreated to Taiwan. Taipei has been the seat of the island’s multi-party democracy since 1996.
D. Xi Jinping has been president of China since 2012. He is considered China’s most powerful leader since Mao Zedong, who defeated the nationalists in 1949 and ruled the country until his death in 1976. Xi has refused to condemn Russia over its brutal invasion of Ukraine, blaming the U.S. for instigating the conflict by encouraging NATO expansion in Europe.
D. The United States officially recognized the Peoples Republic of China as the government of China in 1979, ending 30 years of support for the Republic of China on Taiwan as China’s legitimate government. The United States maintains unofficial ties with Taiwan and sells it arms. But, the U.S. maintains "strategic ambiguity" over whether it would defend Taiwan from attack.
C. Emperors of China’s Qing dynasty ruled Taiwan from 1683 until 1895 when it was ceded to the Empire of Japan. The Japanese ruled the island as Formosa until they lost World War II in 1945. The nationalist Republic of China, which had overthrown the Qing dynasty, then took over the island and ruled it as a province for four years before it abandoned the mainland for Taiwan.