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D. In December, Syrian rebels overthrew the Assad family which had ruled the country as dictators for more than 50 years. The change of power in Syria is expected to diminish Kurdish influence in the country which often served as base for the militants fighting Turkish forces.
A. Kurdish is an Iranian language like the Persian spoken in Iran. There are a total of 86 Iranian languages spread across Western and Central Asia. Turkey has the largest Kurdish population followed by Iran, Iraq and Syria. Turkey once tried to ban the Kurdish language as well the words Kurd or Kurdistan.
B. Turkish intelligence agents, with the help from the U.S., captured PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan inside a plane at an airport in Nairobi, Kenya, on Feb. 15, 1999. He has been held in a prison on an island in the Sea of Marmara, south of Istanbul.
D. Emperor Constantine the Great rebuilt Byzantium and made it the Roman capital in 330. The city became known as Constantinople. The Roman Empire split in two after Constantine’s death, and the city became the capital of the Byzantine Empire in the east. That empire was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453.