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B. China consumed 37.6 million tons of plastic in 2023, followed by the United States at 22.8 million tons, India at 7.4 million tons, and Brazil at 4.9 million tons. The Lord Howe Island seabirds eat chunks of plastic as large as a bottle cap, damaging their organs and brains. Tiny particles known as microplastics are found everywhere in the world, including inside the bodies of humans and other animals.
A. Extensive archaeological research found no evidence of human occupation of the island before British sailors landed in 1788 and established a permanent settlement in 1834. About 700 years ago, the islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. Modern humans evolved in Africa 300,000 to 200,000 years ago and arrived in Australia 50,000 to 65,000 years ago
D. With 5.4 million people, Sydney is Australia’s most populous city, followed by Melbourne with 5.2 million people and Brisbane with 2.7 million. Canberra is the nation’s capital in the Australian Capital Territory, an enclave surrounded by New South Wales. It has a population of about 500,000 people.
D. Pigs and goats were released on the island in the 1800s as potential food sources. Goats destroyed nesting habitats, while pigs ate eggs and chicks. After rats escaped from ships visiting the island, cats and a breed of owls were imported to control the rat population. The imported owls ended up replacing a native owl breed. Abandoned cats and dogs turned feral and began preying on the birds.