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C. Reykjavik is the northernmost capital of a sovereign state, and its metro area is home to about 250,000 of Iceland’s 391,810 people. Nuuk is the capital of nearby Greenland, and Torshavn is the capital of the Faroe Islands – both Danish territories. Longyearbyen is the administrative center of Norway’s Svalbard Islands.
B. A 2022 study found that the Arctic has warmed “nearly four times faster” than the global average. Arctic warming in Svalbard triggered concerns about the Global Seed Vault, an underground cold storage facility to protect the world's crop diversity. Warming and heavy rain caused increased water intrusion into the vault tunnel in 2016.
D. West Nile Virus is the most common mosquito-transmitted virus in the United States, with cases reported in 49 states. Puerto Rico had 2,488 of the 3,216 U.S. dengue fever cases reported so far this year. Transmission of malaria inside the United States was eliminated in 1951, but a few cases spread locally in southern states in 2023.
A. Iceland is on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which separates the North American tectonic plate from the Eurasian plate. Iceland is considered part of Europe largely because of historical, linguistic, and cultural ties to Denmark and Norway. Iceland’s location on spreading tectonic plates makes it one of the most volcanically active spots in the world.